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Research

The AuTOMATIC trial: a study protocol for a multi-arm Bayesian adaptive randomised controlled trial of text messaging to improve childhood immunisation coverage

While most Australian children are vaccinated, delays in vaccination can put them at risk from preventable infections. Widespread mobile phone ownership in Australia could allow automated short message service (SMS) reminders to be used as a low-cost strategy to effectively 'nudge' parents towards vaccinating their children on time.

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Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression in Childhood Medulloblastoma Compared with Neural Stem Cells

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity.

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Investigating the Validity of the Australian Early Development Census

This article continues evaluation of the construct validity of the Australian Early Development Census through comparison with linked data from a sample of 2216 4-5 year old children collected as part of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.

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Risk factors for bronchial hyperresponsiveness in teenagers differ with sex and atopic status

Sex-related differences in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) have been reported in adolescents, but the mechanisms remain obscure.

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Retinopathy of prematurity and placental histopathology findings: A retrospective cohort study

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a biphasic vaso-proliferative disease that has the potential to cause blindness. In addition to prematurity and hyperoxia, perinatal infection and inflammation have been reported to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ROP. The aim of this study was to assess the association between placental inflammation and the severity of ROP.

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Support needs and experiences of young people living in families with mental illness

Children and adolescents living in families affected by mental illness are at elevated risk of developing mental health problems. A range of interventions have been designed to help these young people; however, the effectiveness of these programs is, in some cases, mixed. Our aim was to understand in detail the support needs and experiences of a group of Australian children and adolescents living in families with mental illness.

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Immunotherapy of allergic diseases by bacterial products

Allergic diseases are characterized by excessive immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, mast cell degranulation, tissue eosinophilia and mucus hypersecretion

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Glutamine Deprivation Synergizes the Anticancer Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Esophageal Cancer Cells

Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a low response to standard anti-cancer therapies. There is an unmet need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcomes of current treatments. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising approach for cancer treatment, and has displayed anticancer efficacy in multiple preclinical models. Recent studies have shown that the efficacy of CAP is positively correlated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.

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Method of bacterial killing differentially affects the human innate immune response to Staphylococcus epidermidis

In vitro investigations of human innate immune responses to extracellular bacteria commonly utilise killed preparations in preference to live...

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Psychological distress in three Australian communities living with environmental per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances contamination

Environmental chemical contamination is a recognised risk factor for psychological distress, but has been seldom studied in the context of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. We examined psychological distress in a cross-sectional study of three Australian communities exposed to PFAS from the historical use of aqueous film-forming foam in firefighting activities, and three comparison communities without environmental contamination.

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Calcium and Vitamin D for obesity: review of randomized controlled trials

Obesity often coexists with low calcium intake and vitamin D insufficiency.

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Genetic Research and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians

Human genetic research promises to deliver a range of health benefits to the population. Here we consider how the different levels of Indigenous research...

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Using social network analysis approach in developing rural psychiatrist workforce

This study examines how rural and remote junior doctors career decisions are influenced by highly connected principles within a discipline.

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Maternal serum vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring neurocognitive development

The objective was to determine the association between maternal serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentrations and behavioural, emotional and language outcomes...

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Grief and functional impairment following COVID-19 loss in a treatment-seeking sample: the mediating role of meaning

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented levels of grief and psychological distress in community samples. We examined unique pandemic grief risk factors, dysfunctional grief, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, general psychiatric distress, disrupted meaning, and functional impairment in a treatment-seeking sample of people bereaved from COVID-19 in the United Kingdom.

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T-cell activation genes differentially expressed at birth in CD4+ T-cells from children who develop IgE food allergy

To show underlying mechanisms, we examined differences in T-cell gene expression in samples at birth and at 1 year in children with and without IgE allergy.

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Exploring offending characteristics of young people with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Western Australia

Neurodevelopmental impairments resulting from Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) can increase the likelihood of justice system involvement. This study compared offence characteristics in young people with FASD to demographically matched controls (n = 500) in Western Australia.

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To Feel Belonged: The Voices of Children and Youth with Disabilities on the Meaning of Wellbeing

The aim of this paper was to describe the meaning of wellbeing for children and youth with disabilities from their perspective.

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Isoelectric Electroencephalography in Infants and Toddlers during Anesthesia for Surgery: An International Observational Study

Intraoperative isoelectric electroencephalography (EEG) has been associated with hypotension and postoperative delirium in adults. This international prospective observational study sought to determine the prevalence of isoelectric EEG in young children during anesthesia.