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Directing immune development to curb sky-rocketing disease

Once upon a time it was infectious diseases like polio, measles or tuberculosis that most worried parents. With these threats now largely under control, parents face a new challenge – sky-rocketing rates of non-infectious diseases such as asthma, allergies and autism.

Research

Maternal haemoglobin levels in pregnancy and child DNA methylation: a study in the pregnancy and childhood epigenetics consortium

Altered maternal haemoglobin levels during pregnancy are associated with pre-clinical and clinical conditions affecting the fetus. Evidence from animal models suggests that these associations may be partially explained by differential DNA methylation in the newborn with possible long-term consequences. To test this in humans, we meta-analyzed the epigenome-wide associations of maternal haemoglobin levels during pregnancy with offspring DNA methylation in 3,967 newborn cord blood and 1,534 children and 1,962 adolescent whole-blood samples derived from 10 cohorts.

Research

Advances in Exercise and Nutrition as Therapy in Diabetes

We surveyed 2200 potentially eligible titles on PubMed and other common search engines for manuscripts on “exercise, nutrition, and diabetes” published between July 1, 2019, and June 30, 2020. This year's articles tended to focus on testing new applications for exercise management, including new insulin treatment approaches, wearables, and new smartphone applications.

Research

Advances in Exercise, Physical Activity, and Diabetes

We screened more than 750 potentially eligible titles on PubMed and other common search engines for manuscripts on “exercise and diabetes”

Research

Higher frequency of vertebrate-infecting viruses in the gut of infants born to mothers with type 1 diabetes

We demonstrate a distinct gut virome profile in infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes, which may influence health outcomes later in life

Research

The glycaemic benefits of a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus may be opposed by increased hypoglycaemia risk and dyslipidaemia

This study provides the first evidence that, ketogenic diets in adults with Type 1 diabetes are associated with excellent HbA1c levels and little glycaemic variability

Research

The time lag prior to the rise in glucose requirements to maintain stable glycaemia during moderate exercise in a fasted insulinaemic state is of short duration

There is a 20-min low exogenous glucose demand period during which the glucose requirements to maintain stable glycaemia do not increase during moderate exercise

Research

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes

Promotion of regular physical activity is an integral part of diabetes care delivery and health care providers should promote this message at every available opportunity

Research

Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies in neonates reveals widespread differential DNA methylation associated with birthweight

We find that DNA methylation in neonatal blood is associated with birthweight, with a difference in birthweight ranging from -183 to 178 grams per 10% increase in methylation